Effects of roughness on droplet apparent contact angles on a fiber

This paper reports on our investigation of the effects of surface roughness on the equilibrium shape and apparent contact angles of a droplet deposited on a fiber. In particular, the shape of a droplet on a roughened fiber is studied via the energy minimization method implemented in the surface evolver finite element code. Sinusoidal roughness varying in both the longitudinal and radial directions is considered in the simulations to study the effects of surface roughness on the most stable shape of a droplet on a fiber (corresponding a global minimum energy state). It is found that surface roughness delays droplet shape transition from a symmetric barrel to a clamshell or an asymmetric barrel profile. A phase diagram that includes the effects of fiber roughness on droplet configurations-symmetric barrel, clamshell, and asymmetric barrel-is presented for the first time. It is also found that droplet apparent contact angle tends to decrease on rough fibers. Likewise, roughness tends to increase the force required to detach a droplet from a fiber but the effect diminishes as droplet size increases relative to the size of surface roughness. The results presented in our study have been compared with experimental data or those from prior studies whenever possible, and good agreement has been observed

Fermions in non-relativistic AdS/CFT correspondence

We extend the non-relativistic AdS/CFT correspondence to the fermionic fields. In particular we study the two point function of a fermionic operator in non-relativistic CFTs by making use of a massive fermion propagating in geometries with Schrodinger group isometry. Although the boundary of the geometries with Schrodinger group isometry differ from that in AdS geometries where the dictionary of AdS/CFT is established, using the general procedure of AdS/CFT correspondence, we see that the resultant two point function has the expected form for fermionic operators in non-relativistic CFTs, though a non-trivial regularization may be needed.Comment: 12 pages,Latex file; V2: typos corrected, refs adde

The effect of herbal tea containing fenugreek seed on the signs of breast milk sufficiency in iranian girl infants

Background: One of the important reasons behind termination of breast-feeding in the first six months after childbirth is insufficient production of breast milk. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of herbal tea containing fenugreek seed on the signs of breast milk sufficiency in Iranian girl infants aged 0 - 4 months, at the medical health centers of Tehran university of medical sciences. Patients and Methods: This study was a clinical trial with a control group. Seventy-eight girl infants, 0 - 4 months old that were exclusively breastfed by their mothers, were randomly assigned to the intervention group (received herbal tea containing 7.5 g fenugreek seed powder in addition to 3 g of black tea, three times a day) and the control group (received herbal tea containing 3 g of black tea powder, three times a day). Before and during the four weeks of study, the signs of breast milk sufficiency were evaluated through measurement of growth parameters and use of follow-up forms for measuring the number of wet diapers in one day, frequency of defecation and infant breast-feeding times in a day. Results: Before the intervention there was no significant difference between weight, height, head circumference, the number of wet diapers and frequency of defecation between the two groups (P > 0.05), yet the number of breast feeding times of the control group was more than the Fenugreek group. At the end of the fourth week in proportion to the pre-intervention conditions, the weight of the infants in the fenugreek group increased significantly from 5282.0513 ± 1021.51121 to 6383.0769 ± 952.06190, while head circumference increased from 38.3103 ± 1.62736 to 39.9256 ± 1.50660, number of wet diapers from 5.2821 ± 0.93044 to 8.1648 ± 1.20620, frequency of defecation from 1.8846 ± 1.08495 to 2.7326 ± 0.94771 and the number of breast feeding times from 9.1795 ± 1.39778 to 15.9597 ± 1.45056 (P 0.05). Conclusions: Herbal tea of fenugreek seed in comparison to the control group improves the signs of breast milk sufficiency. © 2015, Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal

Effect of trigonellafoenum-graecum seed-containing herbal tea consumed by mothers on growth parameters of breastfed baby girls

Background and purpose: Trigonellafoenum-graecum seed has galactogogues properties due to phytoestrogens structure and can increase the volume of breast milk. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of herbal tea containing Trigonellafoenum-graecum seed consumed by mothers on growth parameters of baby girls (0-4 months of age) attending health centers in south of Tehran, 2014. Materials and methods: This clinical trial study was performed in 78 mothers breast feeding their 0-4 month old baby girls. They were randomly assigned into two groups (n=39 per groups). The intervention group received herbal tea containing 7.5g Trigonellafoenum-graecum seed powder and 3g black tea and the control group received herbal tea containing 3g black tea powder. The mothers used the beverages three times a day for 4 weeks,. The weight, height and head circumference of the babies were measured using baby weight measurement scale, stadiometer and tape measure in the beginning of the study and each week until 4 weeks. Data was analyzed by independent sample t-test and repeated measurement test in SPSS. Results: No significant difference was found between the two groups in weight, height and head circumference before the intervention (P>0.05). After four weeks Trigonellafoenum-graecum significantly increased the babies� weight from 5282.05 ± 1021.51 to 6383.07 ± 952.06 and head circumference from 38.31 ± 1.62 to 39.92 ± 1.50 (P<0.001), but it had no effect on the height of studied girls (P=0.078). Conclusion: The results showed that consumption of Trigonellafoenum-graecum seedcontaining herbal tea by mothers could improve the weight and head circumference of breastfed babies. © 2015, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Investigating fish purchase patterns and preferences among the consumers of Sari

The present study aimed at looking into the fish consumption preferences and purchase patterns among 266 households of Sari in order to identify the fish market at Mazandaran province. To do so, a questionnaire was provided to be administered among consumers to state their preferences towards the type of fish species, purchased forms of fish as well as fish purchasing pattern in their family. Descriptive statistics as well as referential analysis was conducted through Friedman Test. Results showed that meat consumption priority among the households of Sari constituted the consumption of poultry meat, lamb, fish and beef, respectively. As to the investigation of fish purchase pattern, it was that almost two-thirds of households in Sari bought fish less than once a month and only a few percentage of them (4.1 percent) purchased them on a weekly basis. It was also revealed that consumers in Sari prefer marine fish more than farmed fish, and cold-water fish more than warm-water fish. Fresh, live and canned fish were the preferred forms of purchase for the consumers in Sari, and other forms of fish such as frozen, smoked and salted fish (total 7.9 percent) were rarely preferred by the consumers. Findings of the current research can contribute to powerful decision-making of companies and suppliers in terms of which product should be provided to the market for more sale. Therefore, recognizing the needs and desires of consumers and understanding their purchase behavior are effective steps to meet their expectations and ultimately increasing fish consumption

On applications and limitations of one-dimensional capillarity formulations for media with heterogeneous wettability

Force-balance-based one-dimensional algebraic formulations that are often used in characterizing the capillarity of a multi-component system (e.g., predicting capillary height rise inporous media) are discussed. It is shown that such formulations fail to provide accurate predictions when the distribution of wetting (or non-wetting) surfaces is not homogeneous. A more general mathematical formulation is suggested and used to demonstrate that for media with heterogeneous wettability, hydrophilic (or hydrophobic) surfaces clustered in groups will have less contribution to the overall capillarity of the system

Bacteriological study of raw and unexpired pasteurized cow?s milk collected at the dairy farms and super markets in Sari city in 2011

Introduction. The quality of milk is influenced by different bac- teria present in milk. This study was undertaken to investigate the bacterial contamination of raw and pasteurized milk in Sari Township, Iran, 2011. Methods. In this investigation, 100 pasteurized milk samples were collected randomly from the super markets in the city and 100 raw milk samples from 4 dairy farms from suburb areas and evaluated for the presence of coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphy- lococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes by culture methods and biochemical tests. Data analysis was performed by SPSS soft- ware using X2 test and described in percentage. Results. In the raw milk, contamination with E. coli, coliforms and Staphylococcus aureus was observed in 42 (42%), 36 (36%) and 22 (22%) of samples respectively, and the same for the pas- teurized milk samples was 9 (9%), 2 (2%) and 2 (2%), respec- tively. Listeria monocytogenes was not detected in any sample. Presence of E. coli in the milk could be due to contamination with waste water and fecal materials. Conclusions. Considering the contamination of raw and pas- teurized milk with E. coli and coliforms, sanitary practice during collecting and transporting, particularly in the summer season is recommended